Update ReadMe to add UserMode Networking (#1216)
Update ReadMe to add UserMode Networkingpull/1249/head
Rahul Kar
5 months ago
committed by
Monika Singh
parent
0841805823
commit
c39dcc81a7
@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
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# TCP Echo Client Demo for MPS2 Cortex-M3 AN385 emulated using QEMU with TAP Networking
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## Setup Description
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The demo requires 2 components -
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1. Echo Client - The demo in this repository.
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1. Echo Server - An external echo server.
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We need a Virtual Machine (VM) running Linux OS to run this demo. Echo Client
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runs in the Virtual Machine (VM) and Echo Server runs on the host machine.
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```
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+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| Host Machine |
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| OS - Any |
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| Runs - Echo Server |
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| +--------------------------+ |
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| | Virtual Machine (VM) | |
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| | OS - Linux | |
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| | Runs - Echo Client | |
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| | | |
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| +----------------+ | +----------------+ | |
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| | Echo Server | <-------> | Echo Client | | |
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| +----------------+ | +----------------+ | |
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| +--------------------------+ |
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+--------------------------------------------------------+
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```
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## Setting up VM
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1. Install a Virtual Machine software on your machine. On Windows you can use
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[Oracle VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) and on Mac you can use
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[Parallels](https://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/).
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2. Launch a Linux VM. We tested using Ubuntu 22.04.
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3. Install the following tools in the VM:
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* [GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain](https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads).
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* [qemu-arm-system](https://www.qemu.org/download).
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* Make (Version 4.3):
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```
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sudo apt install make
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```
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* ipcalc:
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```
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sudo apt install ipcalc
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```
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* brctl:
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```
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sudo apt install bridge-utils
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```
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4. Clone the source code in the VM:
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```shell
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git clone https://github.com/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOS.git --recurse-submodules --depth 1
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```
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## Launch Echo Server
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Launch Echo Server on the host machine.
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### Host OS is Linux
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* Install `netcat`:
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```
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sudo apt install netcat
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```
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* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
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```shell
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sudo nc -l 7
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```
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### Host OS is Windows
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* Install [Npcap/Nmap](https://nmap.org/download.html#windows).
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* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
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```shell
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ncat -l 7
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```
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### Host OS is Mac
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* Install `netcat`:
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```shell
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brew install netcat
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```
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* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
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```shell
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nc -l -p 7
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```
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## Enable Tap Networking in QEMU
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The Tap Networking backend makes use of a tap networking device in the host. It offers very good performance and can be configured to create virtually any type of network topology.
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The Echo Client in this demo runs in QEMU inside the VM. We need to enable
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tap networking in QEMU to enable the Echo Client to be able to reach the Echo
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Server. Do the following steps in the VM:
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1. Run the `ifconfig` command to find the VM's network interface details:
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```
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enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9001
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inet 192.168.1.81 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.15.255
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inet6 fe80::89c:55ff:fe3d:18ad prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
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ether 0a:9c:55:3d:18:ad txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 15001255 bytes 11443805826 (11.4 GB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 9248218 bytes 2080385000 (2.0 GB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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```
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2. Define a shell variable `VM_NETWORK_INTERFACE` and set its value to the
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name of the network interface of the VM. For example, in the above output
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of the `ifconfig` command, name of the the network interface is `enp0s3`:
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```shell
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export VM_NETWORK_INTERFACE=enp0s3
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```
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3. Define a shell variable `VM_IP_ADDRESS` and set its value to the IP address
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of the VM. For example, in the above output of the `ifconfig` command, IP
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address of the VM is `192.168.1.81`:
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```shell
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export VM_IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.81
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```
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4. Define a shell variable `VM_NETMASK` and set its value to the netmask of
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the VM. For example, in the above output of the `ifconfig` command, netmask
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of the VM is `255.255.255.0`:
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```shell
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export VM_NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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```
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5. Calculate the CIDR of the VM from the netmask:
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```shell
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$ ipcalc -b 1.1.1.1 $VM_NETMASK | grep Netmask
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Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24
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```
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CIDR is `24` in the above output.
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6. Define a shell variable `VM_CIDR` and set its value to the CIDR of the VM
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found in the above step.
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```shell
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export VM_CIDR=24
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```
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7. Find the Default Gateway for the VM:
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```shell
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$ ip route show
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default via 192.168.1.254 dev enp0s3 proto dhcp src 192.168.1.81 metric 100
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```
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Default Gateway is `192.168.1.254` in the above output.
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8. Define a shell variable `VM_DEFAULT_GATEWAY` and set its value to the
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Default Gateway of the VM found in the above step.
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```shell
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export VM_DEFAULT_GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
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```
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9. Find the DNS Server of the VM:
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```shell
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$ grep "nameserver" /etc/resolv.conf
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nameserver 192.168.1.254
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```
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10. Define a shell variable `VM_DNS_SERVER` and set its value to the
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DNS Server of the host machine found in the above step.
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```shell
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export VM_DNS_SERVER=192.168.1.254
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```
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11. Pick an IP address for the QEMU which is in the same network as the VM.
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This IP address must not be in-use by any other machine on the same network.
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Define a shell variable `QEMU_IP_ADDRESS` and set its value to the
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picked IP Address. For example, run the following command if you picked
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`192.168.1.80`:
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```shell
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export QEMU_IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.80
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```
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12. Pick a MAC address for the QEMU. Define a shell variable `QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS`
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and set its value to the picked MAC Address. For example, run the following
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command if you picked `52:54:00:12:34:AD`:
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```shell
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export QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS=52:54:00:12:34:AD
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```
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13. Define a shell variable `ECHO_SERVER_IP_ADDRESS` and set its value to the
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IP address of the Echo Server which is running on the host. For example,
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run the following command if the IP address of the Echo Server is
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`192.168.1.204`:
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```shell
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export ECHO_SERVER_IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.204
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```
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14. Turn off firewall on the VM.
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On Ubuntu run:
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```shell
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sudo ufw disable
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sudo ufw status
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```
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On RedHat/Fedora system run:
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```shell
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sudo systemctl status firewalld
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sudo systemctl stop firewalld
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```
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15. Create virtual bridge (virbr0) and virtual NIC (virbr0-nic) to enable
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networking in QEMU.
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```shell
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sudo ip link add virbr0 type bridge
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sudo ip tuntap add dev virbr0-nic mode tap
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sudo ip addr add $VM_IP_ADDRESS/$VM_CIDR dev virbr0
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sudo brctl addif virbr0 $VM_NETWORK_INTERFACE
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sudo brctl addif virbr0 virbr0-nic
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sudo ip link set virbr0 up
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sudo ip link set virbr0-nic up
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sudo ip route add default via $VM_DEFAULT_GATEWAY dev virbr0
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```
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The following diagram shows the setup:
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```
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Virtual Machine (VM) |
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| +-------------------------+ | VM NIC (enp0s3)
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| | | Virtual NIC (virbr0-nic) +--+
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| | QEMU +--+ | |
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| | | | +--------------+ | |
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| | | +--------->| virbr0 | ---------->| +--------> Internet
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| | | | +--------------+ | |
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| | +--+ Virtual Bridge | |
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| | | +--+
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| +-------------------------+ |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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```
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## Build and Run
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Do the following steps in the VM where you cloned the code:
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1. Set `configIP_ADDR0`-`configIP_ADDR3` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h` to the value
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of `QEMU_IP_ADDRESS`:
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```shell
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echo $QEMU_IP_ADDRESS
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```
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```c
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#define configIP_ADDR0 192
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#define configIP_ADDR1 168
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#define configIP_ADDR2 1
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#define configIP_ADDR3 80
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```
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2. Set `configNET_MASK0`-`configNET_MASK3` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h` to the value
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of `VM_NETMASK`:
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```shell
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echo $VM_NETMASK
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```
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```c
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#define configNET_MASK0 255
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#define configNET_MASK1 255
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#define configNET_MASK2 255
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#define configNET_MASK3 0
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```
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3. Set `configGATEWAY_ADDR0`-`configGATEWAY_ADDR3` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h` to
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the value of `VM_DEFAULT_GATEWAY`:
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```shell
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echo $VM_DEFAULT_GATEWAY
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```
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```c
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#define configGATEWAY_ADDR0 192
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#define configGATEWAY_ADDR1 168
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#define configGATEWAY_ADDR2 1
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#define configGATEWAY_ADDR3 254
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```
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4. Set `configDNS_SERVER_ADDR0`-`configDNS_SERVER_ADDR3` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h`
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to the value of `VM_DNS_SERVER`:
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```shell
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echo $VM_DNS_SERVER
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```
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```c
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#define configDNS_SERVER_ADDR0 192
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#define configDNS_SERVER_ADDR1 168
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#define configDNS_SERVER_ADDR2 1
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#define configDNS_SERVER_ADDR3 254
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```
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5. Set `configMAC_ADDR0`-`configMAC_ADDR5` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h` to the value
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of `QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS`:
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```shell
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echo $QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS
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```
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```c
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#define configMAC_ADDR0 0x52
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#define configMAC_ADDR1 0x54
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#define configMAC_ADDR2 0x00
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#define configMAC_ADDR3 0x12
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#define configMAC_ADDR4 0x34
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#define configMAC_ADDR5 0xAD
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```
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6. Set `configECHO_SERVER_ADDR0`-`configECHO_SERVER_ADDR3` in `FreeRTOSConfig.h`
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to the value of `ECHO_SERVER_IP_ADDRESS`:
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```shell
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echo $ECHO_SERVER_IP_ADDRESS
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```
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```c
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#define configECHO_SERVER_ADDR0 192
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#define configECHO_SERVER_ADDR1 168
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#define configECHO_SERVER_ADDR2 1
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#define configECHO_SERVER_ADDR3 204
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```
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7. The echo server is assumed to be on port 7, which is the standard echo
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protocol port. You can change the port to any other listening port (e.g. 3682 ).
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Set `configECHO_PORT` to the value of this port.
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```c
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#define configECHO_PORT ( 7 )
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```
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8. Build:
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```shell
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make
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```
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9. Run:
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```shell
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sudo qemu-system-arm -machine mps2-an385 -cpu cortex-m3 \
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-kernel ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf \
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-netdev tap,id=mynet0,ifname=virbr0-nic,script=no \
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-net nic,macaddr=$QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS,model=lan9118,netdev=mynet0 \
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-object filter-dump,id=tap_dump,netdev=mynet0,file=/tmp/qemu_tap_dump\
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-display gtk -m 16M -nographic -serial stdio \
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-monitor null -semihosting -semihosting-config enable=on,target=native
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```
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10. You should see that following output on the terminal of the Echo Server (which
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is running `sudo nc -l 7` or `netcat -l 7` depending on your OS):
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```
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0FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=> ?
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@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=>?
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@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=>?
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@ABCDEFGHIJKLM
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```
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## Debug
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1. Build with debugging symbols:
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```
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make DEBUG=1
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```
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2. Start QEMU in the paused state waiting for GDB connection:
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```shell
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sudo qemu-system-arm -machine mps2-an385 -cpu cortex-m3 -s -S \
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-kernel ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf \
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-netdev tap,id=mynet0,ifname=virbr0-nic,script=no \
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-net nic,macaddr=$QEMU_MAC_ADDRESS,model=lan9118,netdev=mynet0 \
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-object filter-dump,id=tap_dump,netdev=mynet0,file=/tmp/qemu_tap_dump\
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-display gtk -m 16M -nographic -serial stdio \
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-monitor null -semihosting -semihosting-config enable=on,target=native
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```
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3. Run GDB:
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```shell
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$ arm-none-eabi-gdb -q ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf
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(gdb) target remote :1234
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(gdb) break main
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(gdb) c
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```
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4. The above QEMU command creates a network packet dump in the file
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||||||
|
`/tmp/qemu_tap_dump` which you can examine using `tcpdump` or WireShark:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo tcpdump -r /tmp/qemu_tap_dump | less
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
|
|||||||
|
# TCP Echo Client Demo for MPS2 Cortex-M3 AN385 emulated using QEMU with User Mode Networking
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Setup Description
|
||||||
|
The demo requires 2 components -
|
||||||
|
1. Echo Client - The demo in this repository.
|
||||||
|
1. Echo Server - An echo server.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||||
|
| Host Machine |
|
||||||
|
| OS - Any |
|
||||||
|
| Runs - Echo Server |
|
||||||
|
| +--------------------------+ |
|
||||||
|
| | | |
|
||||||
|
| | QEMU | |
|
||||||
|
| | Runs - Echo Client | |
|
||||||
|
| | | |
|
||||||
|
| +----------------+ | +----------------+ | |
|
||||||
|
| | | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| | | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| | Echo Server | <-------> | Echo Client | | |
|
||||||
|
| | | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| | | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| | | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| +----------------+ | +----------------+ | |
|
||||||
|
| | | |
|
||||||
|
| +--------------------------+ |
|
||||||
|
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## PreRequisites
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Install the following tools in the Host Machine:
|
||||||
|
* [GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain](https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads).
|
||||||
|
* [qemu-arm-system](https://www.qemu.org/download).
|
||||||
|
* Make (Version 4.3):
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
sudo apt install make
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
2. Clone the source code:
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
git clone https://github.com/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOS.git --recurse-submodules --depth 1
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Launch Echo Server
|
||||||
|
Launch Echo Server on the host machine.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Host OS is Linux
|
||||||
|
* Install `netcat`:
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
sudo apt install netcat
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo nc -l 7
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Host OS is Windows
|
||||||
|
* Install [Npcap/Nmap](https://nmap.org/download.html#windows).
|
||||||
|
* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
ncat -l 7
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Host OS is Mac
|
||||||
|
* Install `netcat`:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
brew install netcat
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
* Start an Echo Server on port 7:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
nc -l -p 7
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Enable User Mode Networking in QEMU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The User Mode Networking is implemented using *slirp*, which provides a full
|
||||||
|
TCP/IP stack within QEMU and uses it to implement a virtual NAT network. It does
|
||||||
|
not require Administrator privileges.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
User Mode Networking has the following limitations:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- The performance is not very good because of the overhead involved..
|
||||||
|
- ICMP does not work out of the box i.e. you cannot use ping within the guest.
|
||||||
|
Linux hosts require one time setup by root to make ICMP work within the
|
||||||
|
guest.
|
||||||
|
- The guest is not directly accessible from the host or the external network.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Build and Run
|
||||||
|
Do the following steps on the host machine:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. The echo server is assumed to be on port 7, which is the standard echo
|
||||||
|
protocol port. You can change the port to any other listening port (e.g. 3682 ).
|
||||||
|
Set `configECHO_PORT` to the value of this port.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```c
|
||||||
|
#define configECHO_PORT ( 7 )
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. Build:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
make
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. Run:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo qemu-system-arm -machine mps2-an385 -cpu cortex-m3 \
|
||||||
|
-kernel ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf \
|
||||||
|
-monitor null -semihosting -semihosting-config enable=on,target=native -serial stdio -nographic \
|
||||||
|
-netdev user,id=mynet0, -net nic,model=lan9118,netdev=mynet0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
6. You should see that following output on the terminal of the Echo Server (which
|
||||||
|
is running `sudo nc -l 7` or `netcat -l 7` or `nc -l -p 7` depending on your OS):
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
0FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=> ?
|
||||||
|
@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=>?
|
||||||
|
@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~0123456789:;<=>?
|
||||||
|
@ABCDEFGHIJKLM
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Debug
|
||||||
|
1. Build with debugging symbols:
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
make DEBUG=1
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. Start QEMU in the paused state waiting for GDB connection:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo qemu-system-arm -machine mps2-an385 -cpu cortex-m3 \
|
||||||
|
-kernel ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf \
|
||||||
|
-monitor null -semihosting -semihosting-config enable=on,target=native -serial stdio -nographic \
|
||||||
|
-netdev user,id=mynet0, -net nic,model=lan9118,netdev=mynet0 \
|
||||||
|
-object filter-dump,id=tap_dump,netdev=mynet0,file=/tmp/qemu_tap_dump
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. Run GDB:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo arm-none-eabi-gdb -q ./build/freertos_tcp_mps2_demo.axf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(gdb) target remote :1234
|
||||||
|
(gdb) break main
|
||||||
|
(gdb) c
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. The above QEMU command creates a network packet dump in the file
|
||||||
|
`/tmp/qemu_tap_dump` which you can examine using `tcpdump` or WireShark:
|
||||||
|
```shell
|
||||||
|
sudo tcpdump -r /tmp/qemu_tap_dump | less
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue