import type { Bounds } from "../excalidraw/element/bounds";
import { isPoint, pointDistance, pointFrom } from "./point";
import { rectangle, rectangleIntersectLineSegment } from "./rectangle";
import type { Curve, GlobalPoint, LineSegment, LocalPoint } from "./types";

/**
 *
 * @param a
 * @param b
 * @param c
 * @param d
 * @returns
 */
export function curve<Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  a: Point,
  b: Point,
  c: Point,
  d: Point,
) {
  return [a, b, c, d] as Curve<Point>;
}

function gradient(
  f: (t: number, s: number) => number,
  t0: number,
  s0: number,
  delta: number = 1e-6,
): number[] {
  return [
    (f(t0 + delta, s0) - f(t0 - delta, s0)) / (2 * delta),
    (f(t0, s0 + delta) - f(t0, s0 - delta)) / (2 * delta),
  ];
}

function solve(
  f: (t: number, s: number) => [number, number],
  t0: number,
  s0: number,
  tolerance: number = 1e-3,
  iterLimit: number = 10,
): number[] | null {
  let error = Infinity;
  let iter = 0;

  while (error >= tolerance) {
    if (iter >= iterLimit) {
      return null;
    }

    const y0 = f(t0, s0);
    const jacobian = [
      gradient((t, s) => f(t, s)[0], t0, s0),
      gradient((t, s) => f(t, s)[1], t0, s0),
    ];
    const b = [[-y0[0]], [-y0[1]]];
    const det =
      jacobian[0][0] * jacobian[1][1] - jacobian[0][1] * jacobian[1][0];

    if (det === 0) {
      return null;
    }

    const iJ = [
      [jacobian[1][1] / det, -jacobian[0][1] / det],
      [-jacobian[1][0] / det, jacobian[0][0] / det],
    ];
    const h = [
      [iJ[0][0] * b[0][0] + iJ[0][1] * b[1][0]],
      [iJ[1][0] * b[0][0] + iJ[1][1] * b[1][0]],
    ];

    t0 = t0 + h[0][0];
    s0 = s0 + h[1][0];

    const [tErr, sErr] = f(t0, s0);
    error = Math.max(Math.abs(tErr), Math.abs(sErr));
    iter += 1;
  }

  return [t0, s0];
}

const bezierEquation = <Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  c: Curve<Point>,
  t: number,
) =>
  pointFrom<Point>(
    (1 - t) ** 3 * c[0][0] +
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * c[1][0] +
      3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * c[2][0] +
      t ** 3 * c[3][0],
    (1 - t) ** 3 * c[0][1] +
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * c[1][1] +
      3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * c[2][1] +
      t ** 3 * c[3][1],
  );

/**
 * Computes the intersection between a cubic spline and a line segment.
 */
export function curveIntersectLineSegment<
  Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint,
>(c: Curve<Point>, l: LineSegment<Point>): Point[] {
  // Optimize by doing a cheap bounding box check first
  const bounds = curveBounds(c);
  if (
    rectangleIntersectLineSegment(
      rectangle(
        pointFrom(bounds[0], bounds[1]),
        pointFrom(bounds[2], bounds[3]),
      ),
      l,
    ).length === 0
  ) {
    return [];
  }

  const line = (s: number) =>
    pointFrom<Point>(
      l[0][0] + s * (l[1][0] - l[0][0]),
      l[0][1] + s * (l[1][1] - l[0][1]),
    );

  const initial_guesses: [number, number][] = [
    [0.5, 0],
    [0.2, 0],
    [0.8, 0],
  ];

  const calculate = ([t0, s0]: [number, number]) => {
    const solution = solve(
      (t: number, s: number) => {
        const bezier_point = bezierEquation(c, t);
        const line_point = line(s);

        return [
          bezier_point[0] - line_point[0],
          bezier_point[1] - line_point[1],
        ];
      },
      t0,
      s0,
    );

    if (!solution) {
      return null;
    }

    const [t, s] = solution;

    if (t < 0 || t > 1 || s < 0 || s > 1) {
      return null;
    }

    return bezierEquation(c, t);
  };

  let solution = calculate(initial_guesses[0]);
  if (solution) {
    return [solution];
  }

  solution = calculate(initial_guesses[1]);
  if (solution) {
    return [solution];
  }

  solution = calculate(initial_guesses[2]);
  if (solution) {
    return [solution];
  }

  return [];
}

/**
 * Finds the closest point on the Bezier curve from another point
 *
 * @param x
 * @param y
 * @param P0
 * @param P1
 * @param P2
 * @param P3
 * @param tolerance
 * @param maxIterations
 * @returns
 */
export function curveClosestPoint<Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  c: Curve<Point>,
  p: Point,
  tolerance: number = 1e-6,
  maxIterations: number = 100,
): Point {
  const [P0, P1, P2, P3] = c;
  let t = 0.5; // Initial guess for t
  for (let i = 0; i < maxIterations; i++) {
    const B = [
      (1 - t) ** 3 * P0[0] +
        3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * P1[0] +
        3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * P2[0] +
        t ** 3 * P3[0],
      (1 - t) ** 3 * P0[1] +
        3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * P1[1] +
        3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * P2[1] +
        t ** 3 * P3[1],
    ]; // Current point on the curve
    const dB = [
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * (P1[0] - P0[0]) +
        6 * (1 - t) * t * (P2[0] - P1[0]) +
        3 * t ** 2 * (P3[0] - P2[0]),
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * (P1[1] - P0[1]) +
        6 * (1 - t) * t * (P2[1] - P1[1]) +
        3 * t ** 2 * (P3[1] - P2[1]),
    ]; // Derivative at t

    // Compute f(t) and f'(t)
    const f = (p[0] - B[0]) * dB[0] + (p[1] - B[1]) * dB[1];
    const df =
      (-1 * dB[0]) ** 2 -
      dB[1] ** 2 +
      (p[0] - B[0]) *
        (-6 * (1 - t) * (P1[0] - P0[0]) +
          6 * (1 - 2 * t) * (P2[0] - P1[0]) +
          6 * t * (P3[0] - P2[0])) +
      (p[1] - B[1]) *
        (-6 * (1 - t) * (P1[1] - P0[1]) +
          6 * (1 - 2 * t) * (P2[1] - P1[1]) +
          6 * t * (P3[1] - P2[1]));

    // Check for convergence
    if (Math.abs(f) < tolerance) {
      break;
    }

    // Update t using Newton-Raphson
    t = t - f / df;

    // Clamp t to [0, 1] to stay within the curve segment
    t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
  }

  // Return the closest point on the curve
  return pointFrom(
    (1 - t) ** 3 * P0[0] +
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * P1[0] +
      3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * P2[0] +
      t ** 3 * P3[0],
    (1 - t) ** 3 * P0[1] +
      3 * (1 - t) ** 2 * t * P1[1] +
      3 * (1 - t) * t ** 2 * P2[1] +
      t ** 3 * P3[1],
  );
}

/**
 * Determines the distance between a point and the closest point on the
 * Bezier curve.
 *
 * @param c The curve to test
 * @param p The point to measure from
 */
export function curvePointDistance<Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  c: Curve<Point>,
  p: Point,
) {
  return pointDistance(p, curveClosestPoint(c, p));
}

/**
 * Determines if the parameter is a Curve
 */
export function isCurve<P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  v: unknown,
): v is Curve<P> {
  return (
    Array.isArray(v) &&
    v.length === 4 &&
    isPoint(v[0]) &&
    isPoint(v[1]) &&
    isPoint(v[2]) &&
    isPoint(v[3])
  );
}

function curveBounds<Point extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
  c: Curve<Point>,
): Bounds {
  const [P0, P1, P2, P3] = c;
  const x = [P0[0], P1[0], P2[0], P3[0]];
  const y = [P0[1], P1[1], P2[1], P3[1]];
  return [Math.min(...x), Math.min(...y), Math.max(...x), Math.max(...y)];
}