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outputs"><!--[--><!--]--> Log command outputs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/batch-support.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Batch Processing"><!--[--><!--]--> Batch Processing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item">How to use ognl <!----></p><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a class="external-link sidebar-item" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/11" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Basic ognl example"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Basic ognl example</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 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class="sidebar-item active collapsible" aria-label="All Commands"><!--[--><!--]--> All Commands <!--[--><!--]--></a><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/en/doc/dashboard.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="dashboard"><!--[--><!--]--> dashboard <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/getstatic.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="getstatic"><!--[--><!--]--> getstatic <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/heapdump.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="heapdump"><!--[--><!--]--> heapdump <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/jvm.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="jvm"><!--[--><!--]--> jvm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/logger.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="logger"><!--[--><!--]--> logger <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/mbean.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="mbean"><!--[--><!--]--> mbean <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/memory.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="memory"><!--[--><!--]--> memory <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/ognl.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="ognl"><!--[--><!--]--> ognl <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/perfcounter.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="perfcounter"><!--[--><!--]--> perfcounter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/sysenv.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="sysenv"><!--[--><!--]--> sysenv <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/sysprop.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="sysprop"><!--[--><!--]--> sysprop <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/thread.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="thread"><!--[--><!--]--> thread <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/vmoption.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="vmoption"><!--[--><!--]--> vmoption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/vmtool.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="vmtool"><!--[--><!--]--> vmtool 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sc <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/sm.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="sm"><!--[--><!--]--> sm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/monitor.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="monitor"><!--[--><!--]--> monitor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/stack.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="stack"><!--[--><!--]--> stack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/trace.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="trace"><!--[--><!--]--> trace <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/tt.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="tt"><!--[--><!--]--> tt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/watch.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="watch"><!--[--><!--]--> watch <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/profiler.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="profiler"><!--[--><!--]--> profiler <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/jfr.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="jfr"><!--[--><!--]--> jfr <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/auth.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="auth"><!--[--><!--]--> auth <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/options.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="options"><!--[--><!--]--> options <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/base64.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="base64"><!--[--><!--]--> base64 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/cat.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="cat"><!--[--><!--]--> cat <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/cls.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="cls"><!--[--><!--]--> cls <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/echo.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="echo"><!--[--><!--]--> echo <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/grep.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="grep"><!--[--><!--]--> grep <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/help.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="help"><!--[--><!--]--> help <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/history.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="history"><!--[--><!--]--> history <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/keymap.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="keymap"><!--[--><!--]--> keymap <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/pwd.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="pwd"><!--[--><!--]--> pwd <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/quit.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="quit"><!--[--><!--]--> quit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/reset.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="reset"><!--[--><!--]--> reset <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/session.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="session"><!--[--><!--]--> session <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/stop.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="stop"><!--[--><!--]--> stop <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a 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data-v-2b64a081>Table of Contents</div><div class="right-menu-content" data-v-2b64a081><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><div data-v-fdd717e0><h1 id="retransform" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#retransform" aria-hidden="true">#</a> retransform</h1><p><a href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/arthas-tutorials?language=en&id=command-mc-retransform" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>mc-retransform</code> online tutorial<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Load the external <code>*.class</code> files to retransform the loaded classes in JVM.</p></div><p>Reference: <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/instrument/Instrumentation.html#retransformClasses-java.lang.Class...-" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Instrumentation#retransformClasses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="usage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#usage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Usage</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code> retransform /tmp/Test.class
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># delete retransform entry</span>
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--deleteAll</span> <span class="token comment"># delete all retransform entries</span>
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classPattern</span> demo.* <span class="token comment"># triger retransform classes</span>
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> 327a647b /tmp/Test.class /tmp/Test<span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">$Inner</span>.class
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retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classLoaderClass</span> <span class="token string">'sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader'</span> /tmp/Test.class
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="retransform-the-specified-class-file" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#retransform-the-specified-class-file" aria-hidden="true">#</a> retransform the specified .class file</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ retransform /tmp/MathGame.class
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retransform success, size: <span class="token number">1</span>, classes:
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demo.MathGame
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Load the specified .class file, then parse out the class name, and then retransform the corresponding class loaded in the jvm. Every time a <code>.class</code> file is loaded, a retransform entry is recorded.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>If retransform is executed multiple times to load the same class file, there will be multiple retransform entries.</p></div><h2 id="view-retransform-entry" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#view-retransform-entry" aria-hidden="true">#</a> View retransform entry</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
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Id ClassName TransformCount LoaderHash LoaderClassName
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<span class="token number">1</span> demo.MathGame <span class="token number">1</span> null null
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>TransformCount counts the times of attempts to return the .class file corresponding to the entry in the ClassFileTransformer#transform method, but it does not mean that the transform must be successful.</li></ul><h2 id="delete-the-specified-retransform-entry" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-the-specified-retransform-entry" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delete the specified retransform entry</h2><p>Need to specify id:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="delete-all-retransform-entries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-all-retransform-entries" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delete all retransform entries</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--deleteAll</span>
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="explicitly-trigger-retransform" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#explicitly-trigger-retransform" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Explicitly trigger retransform</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classPattern</span> demo.MathGame
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retransform success, size: <span class="token number">1</span>, classes:
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demo.MathGame
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><div class="custom-container warning"><p class="custom-container-title">WARNING</p><p>Note: For the same class, when there are multiple retransform entries, if retransform is explicitly triggered, the entry added last will take effect (the one with the largest id).</p></div><h2 id="eliminate-the-influence-of-retransform" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#eliminate-the-influence-of-retransform" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Eliminate the influence of retransform</h2><p>If you want to eliminate the impact after performing retransform on a class, you need to:</p><ul><li>Delete the retransform entry corresponding to this class</li><li>Re-trigger retransform</li></ul><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>If you do not clear all retransform entries and trigger retransform again, the retransformed classes will still take effect when arthas stop.</p></div><h2 id="use-with-the-jad-mc-command" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-with-the-jad-mc-command" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use with the jad/mc command</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>jad --source-only com.example.demo.arthas.user.UserController <span class="token operator">></span> /tmp/UserController.java
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<span class="token function">mc</span> /tmp/UserController.java <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> /tmp
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retransform /tmp/com/example/demo/arthas/user/UserController.class
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Use <code>jad</code> command to decompile bytecode, and then you can use other editors, such as vim to modify the source code.</li><li><code>mc</code> command to compile the modified code</li><li>Load new bytecode with <code>retransform</code> command</li></ul><h2 id="tips-for-uploading-class-files-to-the-server" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tips-for-uploading-class-files-to-the-server" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Tips for uploading .class files to the server</h2><p>The <code>mc</code> command may fail. You can modify the code locally, compile it, and upload it to the server. Some servers do not allow direct uploading files, you can use the <code>base64</code> command to bypass.</p><ol><li><p>Convert the <code>.class</code> file to base64 first, then save it as result.txt</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Base64 <span class="token operator"><</span> Test.class <span class="token operator">></span> result.txt
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Login the server, create and edit <code>result.txt</code>, copy the local content, paste and save</p></li><li><p>Restore <code>result.txt</code> on the server to <code>.class</code></p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Base64 -d < result.txt > Test.class
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>Use the md5 command to verify that the <code>.class</code> files are consistent.</p></li></ol><h2 id="restrictions-of-the-retransform-command" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#restrictions-of-the-retransform-command" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Restrictions of the retransform command</h2><ul><li>New field/method is not allowed</li><li>The function that is running, no exit can not take effect, such as the new <code>System.out.println</code> added below, only the <code>run()</code> function will take effect.</li></ul><div class="language-java ext-java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MathGame</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token class-name">MathGame</span> game <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MathGame</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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game<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">SECONDS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token comment">// This doesn't work because the code keeps running in while</span>
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<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"in loop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token comment">// This works because the run() function ends completely every time</span>
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<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"call run()"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">int</span> number <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> primeFactors <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">primeFactors</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>number<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>number<span class="token punctuation">,</span> primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"illegalArgumentCount:%3d, "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> illegalArgumentCount<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta right-menu-padding" data-v-fdd717e0><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a class="external-link meta-item-label" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/edit/master/site/docs/en/doc/retransform.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Edit this page on GitHub"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Edit this page on GitHub</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: hengyunabc@gmail.com">hengyunabc</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: i@fatpandac.com">Fatpandac</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav right-menu-padding" data-v-fdd717e0><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/en/doc/redefine.html" class="" aria-label="redefine"><!--[--><!--]--> redefine <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/en/doc/sc.html" class="" aria-label="sc"><!--[--><!--]--> sc <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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</html>
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