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aria-label="tee"><!--[--><!--]--> tee <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/version.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="version"><!--[--><!--]--> version <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul></li><li><a href="/en/doc/web-console.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Web Console"><!--[--><!--]--> Web Console <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/tunnel.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Arthas Tunnel"><!--[--><!--]--> Arthas Tunnel <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/http-api.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Http API"><!--[--><!--]--> Http API <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/docker.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Docker"><!--[--><!--]--> Docker <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/spring-boot-starter.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Arthas Spring Boot Starter"><!--[--><!--]--> Arthas Spring Boot Starter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/idea-plugin.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="IDEA Plugin"><!--[--><!--]--> IDEA Plugin <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/faq.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="FAQ"><!--[--><!--]--> FAQ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a class="external-link sidebar-item" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues?q=label%3Auser-case" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="User cases"><!--[--><!--]--><span>User cases</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a class="external-link sidebar-item" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Start me at github"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Start me at github</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a class="external-link sidebar-item" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Compile and debug/CONTRIBUTING"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Compile and debug/CONTRIBUTING</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a class="external-link sidebar-item" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/releases" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Release Notes"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Release Notes</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/en/doc/contact-us.md" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Contact us"><!--[--><!--]--> Contact us <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page" data-v-8e2a76de><!--[--><!--]--><div class="right-menu-padding theme-default-content" data-v-8e2a76de><!--[--><!--]--><div class="right-menu-wrapper" data-v-8e2a76de data-v-7789db5c><div class="right-menu-margin" data-v-7789db5c><div class="right-menu-title" data-v-7789db5c>Table of Contents</div><div class="right-menu-content" data-v-7789db5c><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><div data-v-8e2a76de><h1 id="profiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#profiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> profiler</h1><p><a href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/arthas-tutorials.html?language=en&id=command-profiler" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>profiler</code> online tutorial<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Generate a flame graph using <a href="https://github.com/jvm-profiling-tools/async-profiler" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">async-profiler<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p></div><p>The <code>profiler</code> command supports generate flame graph for application hotspots.</p><p>The basic usage of the <code>profiler</code> command is <code>profiler action [actionArg]</code></p><h2 id="supported-options" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#supported-options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Supported Options</h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:right;">Name</th><th style="text-align:left;">Specification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><em>action</em></td><td style="text-align:left;">Action to execute</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><em>actionArg</em></td><td style="text-align:left;">Attribute name pattern</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;">[i:]</td><td style="text-align:left;">sampling interval in ns (default: 10'000'000, i.e. 10 ms)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;">[f:]</td><td style="text-align:left;">dump output to specified directory</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;">[d:]</td><td style="text-align:left;">run profiling for specified seconds</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;">[e:]</td><td style="text-align:left;">which event to trace (cpu, alloc, lock, cache-misses etc.), default value is cpu</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="start-profiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#start-profiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Start profiler</h2><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ profiler start
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Started [cpu] profiling
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>By default, the sample event is <code>cpu</code>. Can be specified with the <code>--event</code> parameter.</p></div><h2 id="get-the-number-of-samples-collected" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-the-number-of-samples-collected" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get the number of samples collected</h2><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ profiler getSamples
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23
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="view-profiler-status" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#view-profiler-status" aria-hidden="true">#</a> View profiler status</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler status
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<span class="token punctuation">[</span>cpu<span class="token punctuation">]</span> profiling is running <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">4</span> seconds
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Can view which <code>event</code> and sampling time.</p><h2 id="stop-profiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#stop-profiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Stop profiler</h2><h3 id="generating-html-format-results" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generating-html-format-results" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generating html format results</h3><p>By default, the result file is <code>html</code> format. You can also specify it with the <code>--format</code> parameter:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler stop --format html
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profiler output file: /tmp/test/arthas-output/20211207-111550.html
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OK
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Or use the file name name format in the <code>--file</code> parameter. For example, <code>--file /tmp/result.html</code>.</p><h2 id="view-profiler-results-under-arthas-output-via-browser" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#view-profiler-results-under-arthas-output-via-browser" aria-hidden="true">#</a> View profiler results under arthas-output via browser</h2><p>By default, arthas uses port 3658, which can be opened: <a href="http://localhost:3658/arthas-output/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://localhost:3658/arthas-output/<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> View the <code>arthas-output</code> directory below Profiler results:</p><p><img src="/images/arthas-output.jpg" alt=""></p><p>Click to view specific results:</p><p><img src="/images/arthas-output-svg.jpg" alt=""></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>If using the chrome browser, may need to be refreshed multiple times.</p></div><h2 id="profiler-supported-events" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#profiler-supported-events" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Profiler supported events</h2><p>Under different platforms and different OSs, the supported events are different. For example, under macos:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler list
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Basic events:
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|
cpu
|
|
alloc
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|
lock
|
|
wall
|
|
itimer
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Under linux</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler list
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Basic events:
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|
cpu
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|
alloc
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|
lock
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|
wall
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|
itimer
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|
Perf events:
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|
page-faults
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|
context-switches
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|
cycles
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|
instructions
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|
cache-references
|
|
cache-misses
|
|
branches
|
|
branch-misses
|
|
bus-cycles
|
|
L1-dcache-load-misses
|
|
LLC-load-misses
|
|
dTLB-load-misses
|
|
mem:breakpoint
|
|
trace:tracepoint
|
|
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>If you encounter the permissions/configuration issues of the OS itself and then missing some events, you can refer to the <a href="https://github.com/jvm-profiling-tools/async-profiler" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">async-profiler<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> documentation.</p><p>You can use the <code>--event</code> parameter to specify the event to sample, such as sampling the <code>alloc</code> event:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler start --event alloc
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="resume-sampling" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resume-sampling" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resume sampling</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler resume
|
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Started <span class="token punctuation">[</span>cpu<span class="token punctuation">]</span> profiling
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>The difference between <code>start</code> and <code>resume</code> is: <code>start</code> is the new start sampling, <code>resume</code> will retain the data of the last <code>stop</code>.</p><p>You can verify the number of samples by executing <code>profiler getSamples</code>.</p><h2 id="use-execute-action-to-execute-complex-commands" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-execute-action-to-execute-complex-commands" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use <code>execute</code> action to execute complex commands</h2><p>For example, start sampling:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>profiler execute <span class="token string">'start,framebuf=5000000'</span>
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Stop sampling and save to the specified file:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>profiler execute <span class="token string">'stop,file=/tmp/result.html'</span>
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Specific format reference: <a href="https://github.com/jvm-profiling-tools/async-profiler/blob/v2.5/src/arguments.cpp#L50" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">arguments.cpp<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="view-all-supported-actions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#view-all-supported-actions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> View all supported actions</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler actions
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Supported Actions: <span class="token punctuation">[</span>resume, dumpCollapsed, getSamples, start, list, execute, version, stop, load, dumpFlat, actions, dumpTraces, status<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="view-version" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#view-version" aria-hidden="true">#</a> View version</h2><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ profiler version
|
|
Async-profiler <span class="token number">1.6</span> built on Sep <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token number">2019</span>
|
|
Copyright <span class="token number">2019</span> Andrei Pangin
|
|
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="configure-framebuf-option" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-framebuf-option" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Configure framebuf option</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>you encounter <code>[frame_buffer_overflow]</code> in the generated result, you need to increase the framebuf (the default value is 1'000'000), which can be configured explicitly, such as:</p></div><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>profiler start --framebuf <span class="token number">5000000</span>
|
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="configure-include-exclude-to-filter-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-include-exclude-to-filter-data" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Configure include/exclude to filter data</h2><p>If the application is complex and generates a lot of content, and you want to focus on only part of the data, you can filter by include/exclude. such as</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>profiler start --include<span class="token string">'java/*'</span> --include<span class="token string">'demo/*'</span> --exclude<span class="token string">'*Unsafe.park*'</span>
|
|
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><blockquote><p>Both include/exclude support setting multiple values, but need to be configured at the end of the command line.</p></blockquote><h2 id="specify-execution-time" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#specify-execution-time" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Specify execution time</h2><p>For example, if you want the profiler to automatically end after 300 seconds, you can specify it with the <code>-d</code>/<code>--duration</code> parameter:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>profiler start --duration <span class="token number">300</span>
|
|
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="generate-jfr-format-result" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generate-jfr-format-result" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generate jfr format result</h2><blockquote><p>Note that jfr only supports configuration at <code>start</code>. If it is specified at <code>stop</code>, it will not take effect.</p></blockquote><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>profiler start --file /tmp/test.jfr
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</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>The <code>file</code> parameter supports some variables:</p><ul><li>Timestamp: <code>--file /tmp/test-%t.jfr</code></li><li>Process ID: <code>--file /tmp/test-%p.jfr</code></li></ul><p>The generated results can be viewed with tools that support the jfr format. such as:</p><ul><li>JDK Mission Control: https://github.com/openjdk/jmc</li><li>JProfiler: https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/1416</li></ul><h2 id="the-unknown-in-profiler-result" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#the-unknown-in-profiler-result" aria-hidden="true">#</a> The 'unknown' in profiler result</h2><ul><li>https://github.com/jvm-profiling-tools/async-profiler/discussions/409</li></ul></div><!--[--><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta right-menu-padding" data-v-8e2a76de><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a class="external-link meta-item-label" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/edit/master/site/docs/en/doc/profiler.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Edit this page on GitHub"><!--[--><!--]--><span>Edit this page on GitHub</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: hengyunabc@gmail.com">hengyunabc</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: i@fatpandac.com">Fatpandac</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: hollowman186@vip.qq.com">Hollow Man</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav right-menu-padding" data-v-8e2a76de><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/en/doc/watch.html" class="" aria-label="watch"><!--[--><!--]--> watch <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/en/doc/auth.html" class="" aria-label="auth"><!--[--><!--]--> auth <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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