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# watch
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[`watch`在线教程](https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/arthas-tutorials.html?language=cn&id=command-watch)
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::: tip
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函数执行数据观测
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:::
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让你能方便的观察到指定函数的调用情况。能观察到的范围为:`返回值`、`抛出异常`、`入参`,通过编写 OGNL 表达式进行对应变量的查看。
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## 参数说明
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watch 的参数比较多,主要是因为它能在 4 个不同的场景观察对象
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| 参数名称 | 参数说明 |
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| ------------------: | :----------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| _class-pattern_ | 类名表达式匹配 |
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| _method-pattern_ | 函数名表达式匹配 |
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| _express_ | 观察表达式,默认值:`{params, target, returnObj}` |
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| _condition-express_ | 条件表达式 |
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| [b] | 在**函数调用之前**观察 |
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| [e] | 在**函数异常之后**观察 |
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| [s] | 在**函数返回之后**观察 |
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| [f] | 在**函数结束之后**(正常返回和异常返回)观察 |
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| [E] | 开启正则表达式匹配,默认为通配符匹配 |
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| [x:] | 指定输出结果的属性遍历深度,默认为 1,最大值是 4 |
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| `[m <arg>]` | 指定 Class 最大匹配数量,默认值为 50。长格式为`[maxMatch <arg>]`。 |
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这里重点要说明的是观察表达式,观察表达式的构成主要由 ognl 表达式组成,所以你可以这样写`"{params,returnObj}"`,只要是一个合法的 ognl 表达式,都能被正常支持。
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观察的维度也比较多,主要体现在参数 `advice` 的数据结构上。`Advice` 参数最主要是封装了通知节点的所有信息。请参考[表达式核心变量](advice-class.md)中关于该节点的描述。
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- 特殊用法请参考:[https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/71](https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/71)
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- OGNL 表达式官网:[https://commons.apache.org/dormant/commons-ognl/language-guide.html](https://commons.apache.org/dormant/commons-ognl/language-guide.html)
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**特别说明**:
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- watch 命令定义了 4 个观察事件点,即 `-b` 函数调用前,`-e` 函数异常后,`-s` 函数返回后,`-f` 函数结束后
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- 4 个观察事件点 `-b`、`-e`、`-s` 默认关闭,`-f` 默认打开,当指定观察点被打开后,在相应事件点会对观察表达式进行求值并输出
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- 这里要注意`函数入参`和`函数出参`的区别,有可能在中间被修改导致前后不一致,除了 `-b` 事件点 `params` 代表函数入参外,其余事件都代表函数出参
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- 当使用 `-b` 时,由于观察事件点是在函数调用前,此时返回值或异常均不存在
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- 在 watch 命令的结果里,会打印出`location`信息。`location`有三种可能值:`AtEnter`,`AtExit`,`AtExceptionExit`。对应函数入口,函数正常 return,函数抛出异常。
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## 使用参考
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### 启动 Demo
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启动[快速入门](quick-start.md)里的`math-game`。
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### 观察函数调用返回时的参数、this 对象和返回值
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::: tip
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观察表达式,默认值是`{params, target, returnObj}`
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:::
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors -x 2
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Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class count: 1 , method count: 1) cost in 32 ms, listenerId: 5
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method=demo.MathGame.primeFactors location=AtExceptionExit
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ts=2021-08-31 15:22:57; [cost=0.220625ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[-179173],
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],
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@MathGame[
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random=@Random[java.util.Random@31cefde0],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[44],
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],
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null,
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]
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method=demo.MathGame.primeFactors location=AtExit
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ts=2021-08-31 15:22:58; [cost=1.020982ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[1],
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],
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@MathGame[
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random=@Random[java.util.Random@31cefde0],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[44],
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],
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@ArrayList[
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@Integer[2],
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@Integer[2],
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@Integer[26947],
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],
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]
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```
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- 上面的结果里,说明函数被执行了两次,第一次结果是`location=AtExceptionExit`,说明函数抛出异常了,因此`returnObj`是 null
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- 在第二次结果里是`location=AtExit`,说明函数正常返回,因此可以看到`returnObj`结果是一个 ArrayList
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### 指定 Class 最大匹配数量
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors -m 1
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Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class count: 1 , method count: 1) cost in 302 ms, listenerId: 3
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method=demo.MathGame.primeFactors location=AtExceptionExit
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ts=2022-12-25 19:58:41; [cost=0.222419ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][isEmpty=false;size=1],
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@MathGame[demo.MathGame@3bf400],
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null,
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]
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method=demo.MathGame.primeFactors location=AtExceptionExit
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ts=2022-12-25 19:58:51; [cost=0.046928ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][isEmpty=false;size=1],
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@MathGame[demo.MathGame@3bf400],
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null,
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]
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```
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### 观察函数调用入口的参数和返回值
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors "{params,returnObj}" -x 2 -b
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 50 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:23:23; [cost=0.0353ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[-1077465243],
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],
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null,
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]
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```
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- 对比前一个例子,返回值为空(事件点为函数执行前,因此获取不到返回值)
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### 同时观察函数调用前和函数返回后
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors "{params,target,returnObj}" -x 2 -b -s -n 2
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 46 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:29:54; [cost=0.01696ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[1],
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],
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@MathGame[
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random=@Random[java.util.Random@522b408a],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[13038],
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],
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null,
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]
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ts=2018-12-03 19:29:54; [cost=4.277392ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[1],
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],
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@MathGame[
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random=@Random[java.util.Random@522b408a],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[13038],
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],
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@ArrayList[
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@Integer[2],
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@Integer[2],
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@Integer[2],
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@Integer[5],
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@Integer[5],
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@Integer[73],
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@Integer[241],
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@Integer[439],
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],
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]
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```
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- 参数里`-n 2`,表示只执行两次
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- 这里输出结果中,第一次输出的是函数调用前的观察表达式的结果,第二次输出的是函数返回后的表达式的结果
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- 结果的输出顺序和事件发生的先后顺序一致,和命令中 `-s -b` 的顺序无关
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### 调整`-x`的值,观察具体的函数参数值
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors "{params,target}" -x 3
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 58 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:34:19; [cost=0.587833ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[1],
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],
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@MathGame[
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random=@Random[
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serialVersionUID=@Long[3905348978240129619],
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seed=@AtomicLong[3133719055989],
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multiplier=@Long[25214903917],
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addend=@Long[11],
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mask=@Long[281474976710655],
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DOUBLE_UNIT=@Double[1.1102230246251565E-16],
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BadBound=@String[bound must be positive],
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BadRange=@String[bound must be greater than origin],
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BadSize=@String[size must be non-negative],
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seedUniquifier=@AtomicLong[-3282039941672302964],
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nextNextGaussian=@Double[0.0],
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haveNextNextGaussian=@Boolean[false],
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serialPersistentFields=@ObjectStreamField[][isEmpty=false;size=3],
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unsafe=@Unsafe[sun.misc.Unsafe@2eaa1027],
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seedOffset=@Long[24],
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],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[13159],
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],
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]
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```
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- `-x`表示遍历深度,可以调整来打印具体的参数和结果内容,默认值是 1。
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- `-x`最大值是 4,防止展开结果占用太多内存。用户可以在`ognl`表达式里指定更具体的 field。
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### 条件表达式的例子
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors "{params[0],target}" "params[0]<0"
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 68 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:36:04; [cost=0.530255ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Integer[-18178089],
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@MathGame[demo.MathGame@41cf53f9],
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]
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```
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- 只有满足条件的调用,才会有响应。
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### 观察异常信息的例子
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors "{params[0],throwExp}" -e -x 2
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 62 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:38:00; [cost=1.414993ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Integer[-1120397038],
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java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: number is: -1120397038, need >= 2
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at demo.MathGame.primeFactors(MathGame.java:46)
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at demo.MathGame.run(MathGame.java:24)
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at demo.MathGame.main(MathGame.java:16)
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,
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]
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```
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- `-e`表示抛出异常时才触发
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- express 中,表示异常信息的变量是`throwExp`
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### 按照耗时进行过滤
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors '{params, returnObj}' '#cost>200' -x 2
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 66 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:40:28; [cost=2112.168897ms] result=@ArrayList[
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@Object[][
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@Integer[1],
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],
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@ArrayList[
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@Integer[5],
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@Integer[428379493],
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],
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]
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```
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- `#cost>200`(单位是`ms`)表示只有当耗时大于 200ms 时才会输出,过滤掉执行时间小于 200ms 的调用
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### 观察当前对象中的属性
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如果想查看函数运行前后,当前对象中的属性,可以使用`target`关键字,代表当前对象
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors 'target'
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 52 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 19:41:52; [cost=0.477882ms] result=@MathGame[
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random=@Random[java.util.Random@522b408a],
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illegalArgumentCount=@Integer[13355],
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]
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```
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然后使用`target.field_name`访问当前对象的某个属性
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```bash
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$ watch demo.MathGame primeFactors 'target.illegalArgumentCount'
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Press Ctrl+C to abort.
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Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 67 ms.
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ts=2018-12-03 20:04:34; [cost=131.303498ms] result=@Integer[8]
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|
ts=2018-12-03 20:04:35; [cost=0.961441ms] result=@Integer[8]
|
|
|
|
|
```
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|
|
|
### 获取类的静态字段、调用类的静态函数的例子
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
watch demo.MathGame * '{params,@demo.MathGame@random.nextInt(100)}' -v -n 1 -x 2
|
|
|
|
|
[arthas@6527]$ watch demo.MathGame * '{params,@demo.MathGame@random.nextInt(100)}' -n 1 -x 2
|
|
|
|
|
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
|
|
|
|
Affect(class count: 1 , method count: 5) cost in 34 ms, listenerId: 3
|
|
|
|
|
ts=2021-01-05 21:35:20; [cost=0.173966ms] result=@ArrayList[
|
|
|
|
|
@Object[][
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[-138282],
|
|
|
|
|
],
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[89],
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 注意这里使用 `Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()` 加载,使用精确`classloader` [ognl](ognl.md)更好。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 排除掉指定的类
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
::: tip
|
|
|
|
|
watch/trace/monitor/stack/tt 命令都支持 `--exclude-class-pattern` 参数
|
|
|
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 `--exclude-class-pattern` 参数可以排除掉指定的类,比如:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
watch javax.servlet.Filter * --exclude-class-pattern com.demo.TestFilter
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 不匹配子类
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
默认情况下 watch/trace/monitor/stack/tt 命令都会匹配子类。如果想不匹配,可以通过全局参数关掉。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
|
|
options disable-sub-class true
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 使用 -v 参数打印更多信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
::: tip
|
|
|
|
|
watch/trace/monitor/stack/tt 命令都支持 `-v` 参数
|
|
|
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
当命令执行之后,没有输出结果。有两种可能:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 匹配到的函数没有被执行
|
|
|
|
|
2. 条件表达式结果是 false
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
但用户区分不出是哪种情况。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 `-v`选项,则会打印`Condition express`的具体值和执行结果,方便确认。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
比如:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
$ watch -v -x 2 demo.MathGame print 'params' 'params[0] > 100000'
|
|
|
|
|
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
|
|
|
|
Affect(class count: 1 , method count: 1) cost in 29 ms, listenerId: 11
|
|
|
|
|
Condition express: params[0] > 100000 , result: false
|
|
|
|
|
Condition express: params[0] > 100000 , result: false
|
|
|
|
|
Condition express: params[0] > 100000 , result: true
|
|
|
|
|
ts=2020-12-02 22:38:56; [cost=0.060843ms] result=@Object[][
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[200033],
|
|
|
|
|
@ArrayList[
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[200033],
|
|
|
|
|
],
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
Condition express: params[0] > 100000 , result: true
|
|
|
|
|
ts=2020-12-02 22:38:57; [cost=0.052877ms] result=@Object[][
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[123047],
|
|
|
|
|
@ArrayList[
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[29],
|
|
|
|
|
@Integer[4243],
|
|
|
|
|
],
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|